6, Kohlenstoff (C)
Carboneum, lat. carbo = Kohle |
Säure-Base-Verhalten:
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Säure/Base-Verhalten der Kohlenstoff-Oxide: |
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Reaktionen mit: |
HF 100% |
H2SO4 conc. |
HCl 20% |
CH3COOH 25% |
H2O |
NH3 25% |
NaOH 10% kalt |
NaOH 50% heiß |
NaOH liq. 400°C |
CO2 |
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H2CO3 |
NH4HCO3 |
Na2CO3 |
Na2CO3 |
Na2CO3 |
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Legende: |
Lösung |
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Unlöslich |
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sauer → neutral → alkalisch |
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pKS-Werte von Säure-Base-Paaren (HA + H2O ↔ H3O+ + A-) : |
Säurename |
Formel |
pKS-Wert |
Basenname |
Formel |
pKB-Wert |
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Methan |
CH4 |
44 |
Methanid-Ion |
CH3- |
-30 |
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Ethan |
C2H6 |
50 |
Ethanid-Ion |
C2H5- |
-36 |
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Propan |
C3H8 |
51 |
Propanid-Ion |
C3H7- |
-37 |
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Ethen |
C2H4 |
44 |
Ethenid-Ion |
C2H3- |
-30 |
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Propen |
C3H6 |
43 |
Propenid-Ion |
C3H5- |
-29 |
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Ethin |
C2H2 |
22 |
Hydrogenacetylid-Ion |
HC2- |
-8 |
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Methanal |
HCHO |
13.3 |
Methanalat-Ion |
CHO- |
0.7 |
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Ethanal-Acidium-Ion |
CH3CHOH+ |
-8 |
Ethanal |
CH3CHO |
22 |
Ethanal |
CH3CHO |
14.5 |
Ethanalat-Ion |
CH3CO- |
-0.5 |
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Benzaldehyd-Acidium-Ion |
C6H5CHOH+ |
-6.2 |
Benzaldehyd |
C6H5CHO |
20.2 |
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Ameisensäure |
HCOOH |
3.75 |
Formiat-Ion |
HCOO- |
10.25 |
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Peroxoameisensäure |
HC(O2)OH |
7.10 |
Peroxoformiat-Ion |
C(O2)O- |
6.9 |
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Acetat-Acidium-Ion |
CH3C(OH)2+ |
-6 |
Essigsäure |
CH3COOH |
20 |
Essigsäure |
CH3COOH |
4.76 |
Acetat-Ion |
CH3COO- |
9.24 |
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Fluoressigsäure |
CFH2COOH |
2.57 |
Fluoroacetat-Ion |
CFH2COO- |
11.43 |
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Chloressigsäure |
CClH2COOH |
2.83 |
Chloroacetat-Ion |
CClH2COO- |
11.17 |
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Bromessigsäure |
CBrH2COOH |
2.87 |
Bromoacetat-Ion |
CBrH2COO- |
11.13 |
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Iodessigsäure |
CIH2COOH |
3.13 |
Iodoacetat-Ion |
CIH2COO- |
10.87 |
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Difluoressigsäure |
CF2HCOOH |
1.24 |
Difluoroacetat-Ion |
CF2HCOO- |
12.76 |
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Dichloressigsäure |
CCl2HCOOH |
1.29 |
Dichloroacetat-Ion |
CCl2HCOO- |
12.71 |
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Dibromessigsäure |
CBr2HCOOH |
1.39 |
Dibromoacetat-Ion |
CBr2HCOO- |
12.61 |
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Diiodessigsäure |
CI2HCOOH |
1.49 |
Dibromoacetat-Ion |
CBr2HCOO- |
12.51 |
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Trifluoressigsäure |
CF3COOH |
0.23 |
Trifluoroacetat-Ion |
CF3COO- |
13.77 |
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Trichloressigsäure |
CCl3COOH |
0.65 |
Trichloroacetat-Ion |
CCl3COO- |
13.35 |
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Tribromessigsäure |
CBr3COOH |
0.72 |
Tribromoacetat-Ion |
CBr3COO- |
13.28 |
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Triiodessigsäure |
CI3COOH |
0.90 |
Triiodoacetat-Ion |
CI3COO- |
13.1 |
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Glycolsäure |
CH2(OH)COOH |
3.83 |
Glycolat-Ion |
CH2(OH)COO- |
10.17 |
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Glycinacidium-Ion |
(NH3)CH2COOH+ |
2.34 |
Glycin |
(NH3)CH2COO |
11.66 |
Glycin |
(NH3)CH2COO |
9.60 |
Aminoacetat-Ion |
(NH2)CH2COO- |
4.4 |
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Peroxoessigsäure |
CH3C(O2)OH |
8.20 |
Peroxoacetat-Ion |
CH3C(O2)O- |
5.8 |
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Propionsäure |
C2H5COOH |
4.87 |
Propionat-Ion |
C2H5COO- |
9.13 |
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Milchsäure |
C2H4(OH)COOH |
3.90 |
Lactat-Ion |
C2H4(OH)COO- |
10.1 |
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Alaninacidium-Ion |
CH3(NH3)CHCOOH+ |
2.35 |
Alanin |
CH3(NH3)CHCOO |
11.65 |
Alanin |
CH3(NH3)CHCOO |
9.87 |
β-Amino-1-propionat-Ion |
CH3(NH2)CHCOO- |
4.13 |
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Peroxopropionsäure |
C2H5C(O2)OH |
8.10 |
Peroxopropionat-Ion |
C2H5C(O2)O- |
5.9 |
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Acrylsäure |
C2H3COOH |
4.23 |
Acrylat-Ion |
C2H3COO- |
9.77 |
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Buttersäure |
C3H7COOH |
4.82 |
Butyrat-Ion |
C3H7COO- |
9.18 |
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Peroxobuttersäure |
C3H7C(O2)OH |
8.20 |
Peroxobutyrat-Ion |
C3H7C(O2)O- |
5.8 |
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Crotonsäure |
C3H5COOH |
4.69 |
Crotonat-Ion |
C3H5COO- |
9.31 |
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Valeriansäure |
C4H9COOH |
4.84 |
Valerat-Ion |
C4H9COO- |
9.16 |
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Capronsäure |
C5H11COOH |
4.88 |
Capronat-Ion |
C5H11COO- |
9.12 |
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Önanthsäure |
C6H13COOH |
4.89 |
Önanthat-Ion |
C6H13COO- |
9.11 |
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Caprylsäure |
C7H15COOH |
4.89 |
Caprat-Ion |
C7H15COO- |
9.11 |
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Pelargonsäure |
C8H17COOH |
4.95 |
Pelargonat-Ion |
C8H17COO- |
9.05 |
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Caprinsäure |
C9H19COOH |
4.90 |
Caprinat-Ion |
C9H19COO- |
9.1 |
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Oxalsäure |
(COOH)2 |
1.23 |
Hydrogenoxalat-Ion |
H(COOH)2- |
12.77 |
Hydrogenoxalat-Ion |
H(COOH)2- |
4.19 |
Oxalat-Ion |
(COO)22- |
9.81 |
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Malonsäure |
CH2(COOH)2 |
2.83 |
Hydrogenmalonat-Ion |
CH2H(COO)2- |
11.17 |
Hydrogenmalonat-Ion |
CH2H(COO)2- |
5.69 |
Malonat-Ion |
CH2(COO)22- |
8.31 |
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Tartronsäure |
(CHOH)(COOH)2 |
2.30 |
Hydrogentartronat-Ion |
(CHOH)H(COO)2- |
11.7 |
Hydrogentartronat-Ion |
(CHOH)H(COO)2- |
4.98 |
Tartronat-Ion |
(CHOH)(COO)22- |
9.02 |
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Bernsteinsäure |
(CH2)2(COOH)2 |
4.16 |
Hydrogensuccinat-Ion |
(CH2)2H(COO)2- |
9.84 |
Hydrogensuccinat-Ion |
(CH2)2H(COO)2- |
5.61 |
Succinat-Ion |
(CH2)2(COO)22- |
8.39 |
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Äpfelsäure |
CH2CHOH(COOH)2 |
3.46 |
Hydrogenmalat-Ion |
CH2CHOH-H(COO)2- |
10.54 |
Hydrogenmalat-Ion |
CH2CHOH-H(COO)2- |
5.10 |
Malat-Ion |
CH2CHOH(COO)22- |
8.9 |
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Weinsäure |
(CHOH)2(COOH)2 |
2.98 |
Hydrogentartrat-Ion |
(CHOH)2H(COO)2- |
11.02 |
Hydrogentartrat-Ion |
(CHOH)2H(COO)2- |
4.34 |
Tartrat-Ion |
(CHOH)2(COO)22- |
9.66 |
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Glutarsäure |
(CH2)3(COOH)2 |
4.33 |
Hydrogenglutarat-Ion |
(CH2)3H(COO)2- |
9.67 |
Hydrogenglutarat-Ion |
(CH2)3H(COO)2- |
5.57 |
Glutarat-Ion |
(CH2)3(COO)22- |
8.43 |
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Adipinsäure |
(CH2)4(COOH)2 |
4.43 |
Hydrogenadipat-Ion |
(CH2)4H(COO)2- |
9.57 |
Hydrogenadipat-Ion |
(CH2)4H(COO)2- |
5.42 |
Adipat-Ion |
(CH2)4(COO)22- |
8.58 |
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Pimelinsäure |
(CH2)5(COOH)2 |
4.47 |
Hydrogenpimelat-Ion |
(CH2)5H(COO)2- |
9.53 |
Hydrogenpimelat-Ion |
(CH2)5H(COO)2- |
5.52 |
Pimelat-Ion |
(CH2)5(COO)22- |
8.48 |
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Korksäure |
(CH2)6(COOH)2 |
4.51 |
Hydrogensuberat-Ion |
(CH2)6H(COO)2- |
9.49 |
Hydrogensuberat-Ion |
(CH2)6H(COO)2- |
5.40 |
Suberat-Ion |
(CH2)6(COO)22- |
8.6 |
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Azelainsäure |
(CH2)7(COOH)2 |
4.53 |
Hydrogenazelat-Ion |
(CH2)7H(COO)2- |
9.47 |
Hydrogenazelat-Ion |
(CH2)7H(COO)2- |
5.60 |
Azelat-Ion |
(CH2)7(COO)22- |
8.4 |
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Sebacinsäure |
(CH2)8(COOH)2 |
4.72 |
Hydrogensebacat-Ion |
(CH2)8H(COO)2- |
9.28 |
Hydrogensebacat-Ion |
(CH2)8H(COO)2- |
5.45 |
Sebacat-Ion |
(CH2)7(COO)22- |
8.55 |
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Citronensäure |
C6H8O7 |
3.13 |
Dihydrogencitrat-Ion |
C6H7O7- |
10.87 |
Dihydrogencitrat-Ion |
C6H7O7- |
4.76 |
Hydrogencitrat-Ion |
C6H6O72- |
9.24 |
Hydrogencitrat-Ion |
C6H6O72- |
6.4 |
Citrat-Ion |
C6H5O73- |
7.6 |
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Benzoat-Acidium-Ion |
C6H5C(OH)2+ |
-4.7 |
Benzoesäure |
C6H5COOH |
18.7 |
Benzoesäure |
C6H5COOH |
4.21 |
Benzoat-Ion |
C6H5COO- |
9.79 |
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Salicylsäure |
C6H4(OH)COOH |
2.75 |
Salicylat(-)-Ion |
C6H4(OH)COO- |
11.25 |
Salicylat(-)-Ion |
C6H4(OH)COO- |
12.38 |
Salicylat(2-)-Ion |
C6H4(O)COO2- |
1.62 |
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Mellitsäure |
C6(COOH)6 |
1.40 |
Pentahydrogenmellitat-Ion |
C6(COOH)5COO- |
12.6 |
Pentahydrogenmellitat-Ion |
C6(COOH)5COO- |
2.19 |
Tetrahydrogenmellitat-Ion |
C6(COOH)4(COO)22- |
11.81 |
Tetrahydrogenmellitat-Ion |
C6(COOH)4(COO)22- |
3.31 |
Trihydrogenmellitat-Ion |
C6(COOH)3(COO)33- |
10.69 |
Trihydrogenmellitat-Ion |
C6(COOH)3(COO)33- |
4.78 |
Dihydrogenmellitat-Ion |
C6(COOH)2(COO)44- |
9.22 |
Dihydrogenmellitat-Ion |
C6(COOH)2(COO)44- |
5.89 |
Hydrogenmellitat-Ion |
C6(COOH)(COO)55- |
8.11 |
Hydrogenmellitat-Ion |
C6(COOH)(COO)55- |
6.96 |
Mellitat-Ion |
C6(COO)66- |
7.04 |
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Kohlensäure |
H2CO3 |
6.46 |
Hydrogencarbonat-Ion |
HCO3- |
7.54 |
Hydrogencarbonat-Ion |
HCO3- |
10.4 |
Carbonat-Ion |
CO32- |
3.6 |
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Peroxokohlensäure |
H2CO(O2) |
4 |
Hydrogenperoxocarbonat-Ion |
HCO(O2)- |
10 |
Hydrogenperoxocarbonat-Ion |
HCO(O2)- |
10.6 |
Peroxocarbonat-Ion |
CO(O2)2- |
3.4 |
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Trithiokohlensäure |
H2CS3 |
2.68 |
Hydrogentrithiocarbonat-Ion |
HCS3- |
11.32 |
Hydrogentrithiocarbonat-Ion |
HCS3- |
8.18 |
Trithiocarbonat-Ion |
CS32- |
5.82 |
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Triselenokohlensäure |
H2CSe3 |
1.16 |
Hydrogentriselenocarbonat-Ion |
HCSe3- |
12.84 |
Hydrogentriselenocarbonat-Ion |
HCSe3- |
7.70 |
Triselenocarbonat-Ion |
CSe32- |
6.3 |
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Blausäure |
HCN |
9.21 |
Cyanid-Ion |
CN- |
4.79 |
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Cyansäure |
HOCN |
3.46 |
Cyanat-Ion |
CNO- |
10.54 |
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Isocyansäure |
HNCO |
3.92 |
Isocyanat-Ion |
NCO- |
10.08 |
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Thiocyansäure |
HSCN |
-1.85 |
Thiocyanat-Ion |
SCN- |
15.85 |
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Isothiocyansäure |
HNCS |
-1.28 |
Isothiocyanat-Ion |
NCS- |
15.28 |
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Hypothiocyanitige Säure |
HOSCN |
5.30 |
Hypothiocyanit-Ion |
OSCN- |
8.7 |
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pK-Werte nichtwässriger Säure-Base-Reaktionen: |
System |
Reaktion |
pK-Wert |
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Ameisensäure (Autoprotolyse): |
2 HCOOH ↔ HC(OH)2+ + HCOO- |
6.2 |
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Essigsäure (Autoprotolyse): |
2 CH3COOH ↔ CH3C(OH)2+ + CH3COO- |
14.5 |
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