8, Sauerstoff (O)

Oxygenium, gr. oxys = Säure, gr. gennan = bilden; Säurebildner

Thermodynamik:
         
   
  N O F  
  P S Cl  
         
  kJ/mol
Schmelzenthalpie: 0.22
Verdampfungsenthalpie: 3.41
Sublimationsenthalpie: 3.63
   
Atomisierungsenthalpie: 249.17
Kovalente Bindungs-Enthalpien ΔH:

Bindung: Energie
(kJ/mol)		 Länge
(pm)		   Bindung: Energie
(kJ/mol)		 Länge
(pm)
H−O[2] 429.9 ±0.1% 97   Li−O[2] 340.5 ±1.9% 194
Be−O[2] 437   162   B−O[2] 809   150
C−O[1] 358   142   C=O[1] 745   122
C≡O[1] 1076.4 ±0.1% 113   N−O[1] 201   137
N=O[1] 631.6 ±0% 115   O−H[1] 463   97
O−O[1] 146   132   O=O[1] 498.4 ±0% 121
O−F[1] 193   123   O−F[2] 220   123
Na−O[2] 270 ±1.5% 232   Mg−O[2] 358.2 ±2% 207
Al−O[1] 511   187   Al−O[2] 501.9 ±2.1% 187
Si−O[1][3] 444   177   Si−O[2] 799.6 ±1.7% 177
P−O[1] 335   173   P−O[2] 589   173
S=O[1] 420   146   S−O[2] 517.9   171
Cl−O[1] 208   168   Cl−O[2] 267.5   168
K−O[2] 271.5 ±4.6% 269   Ca−O[2] 383.3 ±1.3% 242
Sc−O[2] 671.4 ±0.1% 236   Ti−O[1] 672   226
Ti−O[2] 666.5 ±0.8% 226   V−O[2] 637   219
Cr−O[2] 461 ±18.9% 205   Mn−O[2] 362 ±6.9% 205
Fe−O[1][4] 116   198   Fe−O[2] 407 ±0.2% 198
Co−O[2] 397.4 ±2.2% 192   Ni−O[2] 366 ±8.2% 190
Cu−O[2] 287.4 ±4% 198   Zn−O[2][5] 250   188
Ga−O[2] 374 ±5.6% 188   Ge−O[2] 657.5 ±0.7% 186
As−O[1] 481   185   As−O[2] 484 ±1.7% 185
Se−O[2] 429.7 ±1.5% 186   Se=O[1] 425   ?
Br−O[1] 237.6 ±0.2% 186   Rb−O[2] 276 ±4.6% 286
Sr−O[2] 426 ±1.5% 261   Y−O[2] 714.1 ±1.4% 256
Zr−O[2] 766.1 ±1.4% 241   Nb−O[2] 726.5 ±1.5% 230
Mo−O[2] 502   220   Tc−O[2] 377 ±5.6% 213
Ru−O[2] 528 ±8% 212   Rh−O[2] 405 ±10.4% 208
Pd−O[2] 238.1 ±5.3% 205   Ag−O[2] 220.1 ±9.5% 211
Cd−O[2] 235.6 ±35.5% 210   In−O[2] 346 ±8.7% 208
Sn−O[2] 528   205   Sb−O[2] 434.3 ±9.7% 205
Te−O[2] 377 ±5.6% 204   I−O[1] 201   205
I−O[2] 233.4 ±0.6% 205   Xe−O[2] 36.4   206
Xe=O[1][6] 88   ?   Cs−O[2] 293 ±8.5% 310
Ba−O[2] 561.9 ±2.4% 281   La−O[2] 798   273
Ce−O[2] 790   270   Pr−O[2] 740   269
Nd−O[2] 703   267   Pm−O[2][7] 650   265
Sm−O[2] 573   264   Eu−O[2] 473   264
Gd−O[2] 715   262   Tb−O[2] 694   260
Dy−O[2] 615   258   Ho−O[2] 606   258
Er−O[2] 606   255   Tm−O[2] 514   256
Yb−O[2] 387.7 ±2.6% 253   Lu−O[2] 669   253
Hf−O[2] 801 ±1.6% 241   Ta−O[2] 839   236
W−O[2] 720 ±9.9% 228   Re−O[2] 627 ±13.4% 217
Os−O[2] 575   210   Os=O[1][8] ?   170.3
Ir−O[2] 414 ±10.1% 207   Pt−O[2] 418.6 ±2.8% 202
Au−O[2] 223 ±9.4% 202   Hg−O[2] 269   198
Tl−O[2] 213 ±39.4% 211   Pb−O[2] 382.4 ±0.9% 212
Bi−O[2] 337.2 ±3.7% 214   Ac−O[2] 794   281
Th−O[2] 877   272   Pa−O[2] 792   266
U−O[2] 755   262   Np−O[2] 731   256
Pu−O[2] 656.1   253   Am−O[2] 553 ±6.5% 246
Cm−O[2] 732   235   Bk−O[2] 598   66
Cf−O[2] 498   66   Cf−O[2] 498   66
Es−O[2] 460   66   Fm−O[2] 443   66
Md−O[2] 418   66   No−O[2] 268   66
Lr−O[2] 665   66    

[1] Kovalente Bindung innerhalb eines Moleküles, Durchschnittswert.
[2] Bindung innerhalb eines diatomaren Moleküles in der Gasphase.
[3] Bindungslänge in SiO2.
[4] Bindungsenergie in FeO.
[5] Original-Angabe: <=250.
[6] Bindung Xe=O in XeO3.
[7] Wert geschätzt.
[8] Durchschnittswert für die Os-O-Bindungen in OsO4.

Thermodynamische Daten der Sauerstoff-Modifikationen:

Sauerstoff (O2) :

Phasenbezogene thermodynamische Daten:
  ΔFHo
in kJ/mol		 ΔFGo
in kJ/mol		 So
in J/mol•K		 cp
in J/mol•K
Gas: -- -- 205 14.719

Thermodynamische Daten der Phasenübergänge:
  Enthalpie ΔH Entropie ΔS  
Schmelzen: 0.444 kJ/mol 8.09 J/(mol•K)  
Verdampfen: 6.812 kJ/mol 75.48 J/(mol•K)  

Ozon (O3) :

Phasenbezogene thermodynamische Daten:
  ΔFHo
in kJ/mol		 ΔFGo
in kJ/mol		 So
in J/mol•K		 cp
in J/mol•K
Gas: 142.7 163.2 238.9 39.2